Wrapping and sweeping in 3D

Two of a 3D page's modes: WRAP wraps a flat template round the surface it is made for (a pipe, a duct, a can or a bottle); SWEEP sweeps a section along a path (a frame's moulding, a worktop's edge, a skirting). As the 3D page's slider moves, a wrapped piece rolls up where it is drawn and is then carried to its place; a swept piece runs along its path. What they make shows in every 3D export and the web viewer, as folding does.

Both run by themselves when the drawing has something for them (below), or when the page's MODE names them (PAGE "3D","Page 1",MODE="WRAP").

Pipework and ductwork

Drawn with	Shown in 3D
Pipe Saddle	The branch pipe, cut by its template, standing at its angle on the main pipe it meets: the cut lies on the main pipe's surface all round.
Elbow Gores	Each gore rolled into its piece of duct and put together into the elbow, each cut on the next gore's.
Rectangle to Round	The pattern bent along its rulings into the transition: the rectangle on the floor, the round above it, the seam closed.
Any other wrap-round template (a mitre or lobster-back segment, a template from the library: the five lines a quarter of the girth apart that wrap-round templates have)	Rolled round its pipe where it lies.

The fittings are found by the statements their tools write (so change a fitting with its variables, not by editing its statement). A template is shown the thickness of the material (T), kept to something that shows at its size; pipes look like mild steel and ducts galvanised unless their layer's LAYER3D LOOK says otherwise. What FOLD would make of these patterns (their bend lines are creases) is left out.

Elbows drawn as their gores

A segmented elbow or a lobster-back bend drawn as its patterns (an end gore and a middle one, as the library's are) is put together by its layer's settings: ELBOW on a WRAP layer makes the layer's outlines the elbow's gores, and every piece is rolled and put into the bend, as the Elbow Gores tool's are.

LAYER3D 0,AS="WRAP",ELBOW=90,PIECES=5,DIA=D+T,RADIUS=RC,COLLAR=40,GAP=20,SEAM=180,LOOK="galvanised"

Setting	Means
`ELBOW`	The angle the elbow turns through.
`PIECES`	How many pieces: the two end ones and the middle ones (3 unless said).
`DIA`	The pipe's or duct's diameter the gores are developed on (their girth is π times it).
`RADIUS`	The bend's radius, to its centre line (1.5 times `DIA` unless said).
`COLLAR`	The straight on each end piece.
`GAP`	The gap between the pieces as they are laid out, one above the other from the layout's corner.
`SEAM`	Where the seam is, in degrees round from the heel (the outside of the bend): 0 at the heel, 180 at the throat.

The pieces are laid out flat from the bottom left of the layer's outlines (their girth along x) and the elbow lies on the floor beside them.

Pieces wrapped by their own settings

One piece of a drawing can be wrapped while the rest folds or is extruded: give one element of its closed outline RULE AS="WRAP" (see element settings), with:

ON=n: the piece is bent along the line of element n, standing up on it: its length (the longer side of its extent) along the line, its middle on the line's middle and its width up from the floor; past the line's ends it carries straight on, and round a closed line it goes round again outside the first turn (a lap). A rectangular elbow's throat and heel stood on its cheek's curved bends; an end cap's band stood round its disc.
DIA=d: the piece is rolled round a diameter d where it is drawn, standing on the floor, as a label is round its can (AXIS as there): a strip into a ring; a sector drawn with its point becomes its cone, on its rim with its point up over where it is drawn (a rain cap).

CIRCLE @2,P12,P10,TRUE,1,RULE FOLD=0
POLYLINE @4,[P14,P15,P16,P17],TRUE,0,RULE AS="WRAP",ON=2

A round end cap (in the library): the disc's turned edge left flat, and the band stood round it. Its flat panels are left out, as for the fittings above; the rest of the drawing folds as usual, and mates can put a folded part with a wrapped one (the rain cap's strap under its cone). Like the other 3D settings, these change nothing in the 2D exports.

Labels on cans and bottles

Give the label's layer 3D settings with AS="WRAP": its closed outlines are wrapped round a container that stands where the label is drawn, its middle facing the front.

LAYER3D 7,AS="WRAP",DIA=66,CORE="aluminium",HEIGHT=120

Setting	Means
`DIA`	The diameter the label goes round. Left out: the label goes right round (its width is the girth).
`AXIS`	The direction, in degrees, the container's axis runs on the drawing (90, unless said: labels drawn upright).
`CORE`	Shows the container too, in that look (`"aluminium"`, `"glass-clear"` …; `1` for aluminium).
`HEIGHT`	The container's height (the label 1.3 times as tall, unless said); the label in its middle.

A tapered label (for a cup or a tub) is bounded by two arcs about one centre: it is wrapped round the cone they make, its narrow end down. DIA is then the diameter its wide edge goes round; left out, it goes right round.

The label's artwork goes where it is drawn on the label, so it wraps with it.

Picture frames

A frame made with the Mitre Frame tool is shown made: its four pieces of moulding, each mitred at its corners, swept round the picture one after another; then, in the rebate from the back, the backing, the artwork, the mount and the glass. A mount with a window cut by the Mount Aperture tool is shown with its window bevelled, from the window's line on the front to its bevel line (on the Bevel layer) on the back.

The moulding's section is a stock moulding as wide as the frame's pieces (its rebate the tool's), unless a layer has LAYER3D m,AS="PROFILE": the closed outline on that layer is then the section, across from the sight edge (its left) and up from the back (its bottom). Settings on the pieces' layer:

Setting	Means
`HEIGHT`	The stock moulding's height (0.8 of its width, unless said).
`DEPTH`	The rebate's depth.
`REBATE`	The rebate's width, if not the tool's.
`LOOK`	The moulding's look (oak, unless said).

Stone edges

A worktop made solid by its layer (LAYER3D 9,AS="BODY",THICK=30) has the edges marked with the Edge Profile tool shaped to their profiles: eased, pencil round, half and full bullnose, bevel, ogee and cove; polished edges stay square. A mitred edge is given an apron below it, and a waterfall edge a panel down from it. Sink and hob cut-outs stay; pockets are left out of a worktop with shaped edges. Settings on the worktop's layer:

Setting	Means
`RADIUS`	The profiles' size (a round's radius, a bevel's width): unless said, what is usual for the profile at the slab's thickness.
`APRON`	How deep a mitred edge's apron is (twice the thickness, unless said).
`WATERFALL`	How far a waterfall edge's panel goes down (30 times the thickness, unless said).

A section along a path

Lines on a layer with LAYER3D n,AS="PATH",PROFILE=m each have the closed outline on layer m swept along them: the section's left side on the line, its section to the line's right, its bottom at the layer's Z (0 unless said), mitred where the line turns. A skirting, a cornice, a cable trunking, a gasket cord.

LAYER3D 6,AS="PATH",PROFILE=8,LOOK="mdf-white"
LAYER3D 8,AS="NONE"

AS="NONE" keeps the section's own layer out of the 3D.